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Regulatory intelligence

EU Enforcement Intelligence

Source-linked regulatory updates from CNIL, Garante, ICO, AEPD, EDPB, and major EU supervisory authorities. Sourced from official authority publications.

Last updated

358

Total updates indexed

12

Sources indexed

8

Regulation areas

27

EU member states

By authority — last 90 days

EDPB15
ESMA10
EUR-Lex6
CNIL (France)5
EBA4
EC DIGITAL3
EDPS1
BfDI (Germany)1

By regulation — last 90 days

GDPR21
EU Digital Policy9
DORA7
EU AI Act3
EU Amendment2
NIS2 Directive1

Enforcement volume — last 6 months

120
May
30
Jun
2
Jul
34
Sept
11
Oct

357 decisions (showing latest 30)

EUR-LexDigital Services ActMedium

Very large online platforms and very large online search engines designated pursuant to Article 33(4) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Single Market For Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act)

Official EU Publication in Official Journal / Official Registries: Very large online platforms and very large online search engines designated pursuant to Article 33(4) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parlia…

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Frequently asked questions

Which EU data protection authority issues the most GDPR fines?

Italy's Garante and France's CNIL issue the highest volume of enforcement decisions annually. Ireland's DPC handles many Big Tech cases due to EU headquarters presence — including the record €1.2 billion Meta fine (2023). The Spanish AEPD and Dutch AP are most active against smaller organisations and public bodies.

What is the maximum fine under GDPR?

GDPR Article 83 sets maximum fines at €20 million or 4% of global annual turnover — whichever is higher. Tier 1 infringements (e.g. insufficient legal basis, data subject rights violations) carry up to €10 million or 2% of turnover. Tier 2 infringements (e.g. unlawful processing, international transfers) carry the full €20 million / 4% ceiling.

When does EU AI Act enforcement start?

EU AI Act enforcement is phased: prohibited AI practices banned from February 2, 2025; GPAI model rules from August 2, 2025; high-risk AI system obligations from August 2, 2026. National market surveillance authorities handle enforcement; the European AI Office oversees general-purpose AI models above 10^25 FLOPs.

What does NIS2 enforcement look like?

NIS2 (Directive 2022/2555) required EU member state transposition by October 17, 2024. Essential entities face fines up to €10 million or 2% of global turnover; important entities up to €7 million or 1.4% of turnover. National CSIRTs and competent authorities handle enforcement. Management board members can be held personally liable for repeated non-compliance.

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Data sourced from official EU supervisory authority publications. For informational purposes only. Not legal advice. Editorial policy