Source-linked regulatory updates from CNIL, Garante, ICO, AEPD, EDPB, and major EU supervisory authorities. Sourced from official authority publications.
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 2 October 2026</li><li>National case&nbsp;</li>&…
<p>Brussels, 13 October – During its latest plenary, the EDPB has adopted <a href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/documents/statement/statement-of-the-edpb-on-smart-glasses_en">statement 1/2026 on smart glasses&l…
Official EU Publication in Official Journal / Official Registries: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2026/2274 of 12 October 2026 on the harmonised standards for high-risk AI systems drafted in support of Regulation …
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 3 July 2026</li><li>National case</li><li>Cont…
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 14 May 2026</li><li>National case</li><li>Cont…
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 6 August 2026</li><li>National case</li><li>Co…
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 23 September 2026</li><li>National case</li><li&g…
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 28/07/2026</li><li>National case</li><li>Contr…
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 22/09/2026</li><li>National case</li><li>Legal…
Official EU Publication in Official Journal / Official Registries: Very large online platforms and very large online search engines designated pursuant to Article 33(4) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parlia…
Official EU publication (2026-09-27): Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights, amending Coun...
Official EU publication (2026-09-27): Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consume...
Official EU Publication in Official Journal / Official Registries: Special report 19/2026 Detecting and responding to cybersecurity incidents – EU cooperation framework progressing, but only partially effective due to im…
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information">Background information</h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 21 September 2026</li><li>National case</li><li&g…
<div class="heading-wrapper"><h2 id="background-information"><strong>Background information</strong></h2><ul><li>Date of final decision: 1 February 2023</li><li>Natio…
ESMA has officially authorised EuroCTP as the Consolidated Tape Provider (CTP) for shares and ETFs under the MiFIR framework. SMEs operating in financial services must now align their market data reporting and consumptio…
ESMA has issued guidance regarding the conclusion of the MiCA transitional period and the publication of the first annual report on major ICT-related incidents under DORA (Regulation (EU) 2022/2554). SMEs operating in th…
The European Supervisory Authorities have published joint guidance calling for enhanced governance and risk-based supervision to mitigate ICT and cyber risks stemming from frontier AI models in financial services. Financ…
The ESAs have proposed amendments to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/2251 to simplify bilateral margin requirements under EMIR. This initiative aims to remove the obligation for counterparties below the €8 billion thresho…
ESMA is hosting a conference focusing on the European Single Access Point (ESAP) and the simplification of regulatory reporting requirements. SMEs in the financial sector must prepare for upcoming data integration mandat…
The European Securities and Markets Authority announces the go-live of weekly commodity derivatives position reporting starting 3 September 2026 under XML schema version v2.0, impacting data processing and regulatory sub…
ESMA has launched a consultation on new RTS/ITS under EMIR 3 to standardize reporting of clearing activities at third-country CCPs. SMEs acting as clearing members or clients must prepare for new data submission requirem…
ESMA has established a Memorandum of Understanding with SEBI to facilitate the recognition of Indian Central Counterparties (CCPs) under EMIR Art. 25. This enables EU clearing members to resume operations with Indian CCP…
ESMA has released a package of updated guidelines and RTS under the Prospectus Regulation to align with the Listing Act. These measures aim to simplify disclosure requirements and provide a standardized framework for pro…
The European Securities and Markets Authority published its risk monitoring report for 2026, warning that optimistic valuations in technology and AI sectors mask significant geopolitical and operational vulnerabilities. …
The EDPB adopted new guidelines establishing a five-step methodology for national DPAs to impose administrative fines alongside other corrective powers under GDPR Art. 58 and Art. 83. Additionally, final guidelines on th…
The EBA published final Guidelines on the management of third-party risk under DORA, delivering a more proportionate framework alongside Q&As on resolution reporting and templates. SMEs providing financial technology ser…
The European Commission is hosting the Data Union Conference on January 12, 2027, focusing on the upcoming Digital Omnibus to simplify EU data rules, reduce administrative burdens, and enhance data access for AI under th…
The CNIL plenary session agenda serves as a regulatory signal for upcoming enforcement priorities under GDPR Art. 57 and 58. SMEs should monitor these sessions to anticipate changes in supervisory focus regarding data pr…
Which EU data protection authority issues the most GDPR fines?
Italy's Garante and France's CNIL issue the highest volume of enforcement decisions annually. Ireland's DPC handles many Big Tech cases due to EU headquarters presence — including the record €1.2 billion Meta fine (2023). The Spanish AEPD and Dutch AP are most active against smaller organisations and public bodies.
What is the maximum fine under GDPR?
GDPR Article 83 sets maximum fines at €20 million or 4% of global annual turnover — whichever is higher. Tier 1 infringements (e.g. insufficient legal basis, data subject rights violations) carry up to €10 million or 2% of turnover. Tier 2 infringements (e.g. unlawful processing, international transfers) carry the full €20 million / 4% ceiling.
When does EU AI Act enforcement start?
EU AI Act enforcement is phased: prohibited AI practices banned from February 2, 2025; GPAI model rules from August 2, 2025; high-risk AI system obligations from August 2, 2026. National market surveillance authorities handle enforcement; the European AI Office oversees general-purpose AI models above 10^25 FLOPs.
What does NIS2 enforcement look like?
NIS2 (Directive 2022/2555) required EU member state transposition by October 17, 2024. Essential entities face fines up to €10 million or 2% of global turnover; important entities up to €7 million or 1.4% of turnover. National CSIRTs and competent authorities handle enforcement. Management board members can be held personally liable for repeated non-compliance.
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Data sourced from official EU supervisory authority publications. For informational purposes only. Not legal advice. Editorial policy