---
url: https://eurocomply.app/regulations/dma
canonical: https://eurocomply.app/regulations/dma
title: Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act) — EuroComply
shortName: DMA
alternateNames: [Digital Markets Act]
regulationNumber: (EU) 2022/1925
celex: 32022R1925
instrumentType: regulation
status: in-force
inForceDate: 2022-11-01
applicationDate: 2023-05-02
extraterritorialReach: true
sourceUrl: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1925/oj
officialJournalRef: OJ L 265, 12.10.2022, p. 1–66
lastReviewed: 2026-05-12
author: EuroComply Team
license: CC-BY-4.0
---

# Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act)

The Digital Markets Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/1925) is the EU's competition regulation for large online platforms. It designates certain platform operators as 'gatekeepers' and imposes ex-ante obligations on them — covering self-preferencing, data combination, interoperability, and business-user terms — with the aim of keeping core platform services contestable and fair.

## Who does DMA apply to?

The DMA applies to undertakings designated as gatekeepers by the Commission for one or more of ten 'core platform services' (CPS). Designation thresholds combine quantitative criteria with a qualitative assessment.

- Ten core platform services: online intermediation, search engines, social networking, video-sharing, communication services, operating systems, web browsers, virtual assistants, cloud computing, online advertising
- Quantitative gatekeeper thresholds: ≥ €7.5bn annual EU turnover (or ≥ €75bn market cap) and ≥ 45m monthly active EU end users and ≥ 10,000 yearly active EU business users
- Three CPS in each of the last three financial years
- Designated gatekeepers (as of 2026): Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft, Booking.com

*Source: DMA Articles 2 and 3 (Definitions; Designation of gatekeepers).*

## What are the penalties for DMA non-compliance?

The DMA carries some of the highest penalty caps in EU regulation. Repeat infringements can trigger structural remedies, including divestitures.

**Maximum fine:** Up to 10% of global annual turnover (20% for repeat infringements)

*Source: DMA Article 30 (Fines).*

**Tier detail:**

- Single infringement of Articles 5, 6 or 7: 10% of global turnover (max) — Article 30(1)
- Repeat infringement: 20% of global turnover (max) — Article 30(2)

## When does DMA apply?

The DMA entered into force on 1 November 2022 and applied from 2 May 2023. The first gatekeeper designations were issued on 6 September 2023, with obligations applying six months later (6 March 2024).

*Source: DMA Article 54 (Entry into force and application).*

**Key dates:**

- 2022-11-01 — Entry into force (Article 54)
- 2023-05-02 — Application date (Article 54)
- 2023-09-06 — First gatekeeper designations issued by the European Commission (Article 3)
- 2024-03-06 — Designated gatekeepers must comply with Articles 5, 6, 7 obligations (Article 3(10))

## Key statistic

**20% of global turnover** — Maximum administrative fine under the DMA for repeated infringement of obligations under Articles 5, 6 or 7 by a designated gatekeeper.

*Source: Regulation (EU) 2022/1925, Article 30(2).*

## Supervising authorities

- European Commission (DG COMP and DG CONNECT) *(EU)* — [https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/](https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/)

## Sector applicability

- ten core platform services: online intermediation, search engines, social networking, video-sharing, communication services, operating systems, web browsers, virtual assistants, cloud computing, online advertising

## Primary articles

- **definitions:** Article 2
- **designation:** Article 3
- **obligationsForGatekeepers:** Article 5
- **anticircumvention:** Article 6
- **interoperability:** Article 7
- **fines:** Article 30
- **entryIntoForce:** Article 54

## Related EuroComply resources

- Hub: [/regulations/dma](https://eurocomply.app/regulations/dma)
- Penalties: [/regulations/dma/penalties](https://eurocomply.app/regulations/dma/penalties)
- Timeline: [/regulations/dma/timeline](https://eurocomply.app/regulations/dma/timeline)
- SME guide: [/regulations/dma/persona/business-user-of-gatekeeper](https://eurocomply.app/regulations/dma/persona/business-user-of-gatekeeper)

## Source

Authoritative text: [(EU) 2022/1925 — EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/1925/oj) (OJ L 265, 12.10.2022, p. 1–66).

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Informational only. Not legal advice — consult qualified legal counsel for your specific situation.

Last reviewed: 2026-05-12 by the EuroComply Team. License: CC-BY-4.0.